North American Pit Viper Envenomation

Persistent pit viper envenomation in a cat

Case summary A 4-year-old female spayed, indoor/outdoor domestic mediumhair cat presented with multiple bleeding puncture wounds and hemorrhagic shock. The cat was diagnosed with suspected pit viper envenomation based on the location and appearance of the bite wounds, as well as the presence of severe coagulopathy with prolonged activated coagulation time (762 s), which responded to antivenom a...

Crotaline Fab antivenom appears to be effective in cases of severe North American pit viper envenomation: An integrative review

BACKGROUND In 2000, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine) (hereafter, FabAV), "for the management of patients with minimal to moderate North American Crotalid envenomation." Because whole-IgG pit viper antivenom is no longer available in the United States, FabAV is currently the only specific treatment option available to United States ...

Surgical considerations in the management of pit viper snake envenomation.

Envenomation by North American pit viper snakes (family Viperidae, subfamily Crotalinae, genera Crotalus [rattlesnakes], Sistrurus [pygmy rattlesnakes], and Agkistrodon [copperhead and cottonmouth snakes]) is a dynamic and potentially serious medical condition. Each year in the United States, approximately 9,000 patients are treated for pit viper snakebite and 5 die. Pit viper venoms are comple...

Recurrent and persistent coagulopathy following pit viper envenomation.

BACKGROUND Coagulation abnormalities following crotaline (pit viper) snakebite have traditionally been considered short-lived, but laboratory studies have rarely been reported beyond the first few days of treatment for envenomation. During the course of an antivenom clinical trial, we observed coagulation defects as late as 2 weeks following envenomation. OBJECTIVES To document and characteri...

Pit Viper Envenomation In Dogs: Pathophysiology and Treatment